Solving the puzzle of spinal muscular atrophy: What are the missing pieces?
Identifieur interne : 000106 ( France/Analysis ); précédent : 000105; suivant : 000107Solving the puzzle of spinal muscular atrophy: What are the missing pieces?
Auteurs : Francesco Danilo Tiziano [Italie] ; Judith Melki [France] ; Louise R. Simard [Canada]Source :
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A [ 1552-4825 ] ; 2013-11.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive, lower motor neuron disease. Clinical heterogeneity is pervasive: three infantile (type I–III) and one adult‐onset (type IV) forms are recognized. Type I SMA is the most common genetic cause of death in infancy and accounts for about 50% of all patients with SMA. Most forms of SMA are caused by mutations of the survival motor neuron (SMN1) gene. A second gene that is 99% identical to SMN1 (SMN2) is located in the same region. The only functionally relevant difference between the two genes identified to date is a C → T transition in exon 7 of SMN2, which determines an alternative spliced isoform that predominantly excludes exon 7. Thus, SMN2 genes do not produce sufficient full length SMN protein to prevent the onset of the disease. Since the identification of the causative mutation, biomedical research of SMA has progressed by leaps and bounds: from clues on the function of SMN protein, to the development of different models of the disease, to the identification of potential treatments, some of which are currently in human trials. The aim of this review is to elucidate the current state of knowledge, emphasizing how close we are to the solution of the puzzle that is SMA, and, more importantly, to highlight the missing pieces of this puzzle. Filling in these gaps in our knowledge will likely accelerate the development and delivery of efficient treatments for SMA patients and be a prerequisite towards achieving our final goal, the cure of SMA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36251
Affiliations:
- Canada, France, Italie
- Latium, Manitoba, Île-de-France
- Orsay, Rome, Winnipeg
- Université Paris-Sud, Université du Manitoba
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Istex, to step Corpus: 002733
- to stream Istex, to step Curation: 002733
- to stream Istex, to step Checkpoint: 000047
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 000F41
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 000F29
- to stream Main, to step Exploration: 000F29
- to stream France, to step Extraction: 000106
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:33A6D60B63131EB436270B22A50561AD6B4669D0Le document en format XML
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Clinical heterogeneity is pervasive: three infantile (type I–III) and one adult‐onset (type IV) forms are recognized. Type I SMA is the most common genetic cause of death in infancy and accounts for about 50% of all patients with SMA. Most forms of SMA are caused by mutations of the survival motor neuron (SMN1) gene. A second gene that is 99% identical to SMN1 (SMN2) is located in the same region. The only functionally relevant difference between the two genes identified to date is a C → T transition in exon 7 of SMN2, which determines an alternative spliced isoform that predominantly excludes exon 7. Thus, SMN2 genes do not produce sufficient full length SMN protein to prevent the onset of the disease. Since the identification of the causative mutation, biomedical research of SMA has progressed by leaps and bounds: from clues on the function of SMN protein, to the development of different models of the disease, to the identification of potential treatments, some of which are currently in human trials. The aim of this review is to elucidate the current state of knowledge, emphasizing how close we are to the solution of the puzzle that is SMA, and, more importantly, to highlight the missing pieces of this puzzle. 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